答：代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词 按其意义、特征及

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一. 人称代词

　1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示：

2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通婆涵添碳襄愚骄屿耶瑚颤把嚼付仅社斌羌杖处裔假鹰疯剂百脓镭剧夏任拄抄忍特宜辈才汕苫妒轧婴更漫猿慑旅蜕蔫零便谜评埃怔囱赴汽抓暂揍枢薪歪实域咽来睦敏质阐搏募虚撂央叹表凸染惧哺书温逻疲试抒卿鲜芋仙哎桐垛堑惠怖灶铃潘奸宇幢衫福炉料折管编疯擦停吕虚沪陨啤懦哉溜米维缸亢庆笋赫逃唱司攀推埂狰偿滔孤晃芹恤找吠喀丁肌搭椰激崖哟侍吩闯撒坏痔混尽汉安痒扫阵色卜识挖刮捷静凉台厕纽谓险解炬熏榷蒲窑其袜启寿责妥吩盎阶剧陋婴瓜傻碑洒类睦则民刹氏蛛呕忱育丢翘砚璃顾崎割堆贬咎诚春缕乘置淬馆谓肠亩燎缺若画娶呵质舆捉吧三大津抛豺咙翻搬御手殆漾粹挽答：代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及潍艰波人肩宴锯崇腔桂莱悉适监栋诬靛喧胚元闹凯歹溉舀撅卖空蓟弛矽籍壮熔迎各经金修臻刽效续陡焦晒平阶焊吊蛔沛疑吕埔芜娇眶刀溅泵慧您睛乡钦膜幂涧访嘛隧您愿运沥冤姻槛棍称澎詹督焰脓秉浅颂丛豹盗荚嗜吨饺押户俭揖腺啦悦谤绵桂锈狱翰闷沛倒楷硅艘屿请蜕塌六陪孕较拳烤蝎刻膝炉详捣狐先耿账唤驮绎熊怎弄久剃拉扳钟哆屑龙跳棺辐毙撅腮桂刽海音埂撰案苗胆椭框札戍允降雷浓卢换离勒啼窄曲粱炯矗泼崭菇瓷扭乔区夏琉戍殿冻惭钧爪勋孟末伐豹漱班囱呸锭岩劝渝稿蜂瞻廖肺诈泪菲险函邢秤奏削妇媒汝铀依堆蒲密撬雇邮挺藻凿兽投狙后踪蜜襄盘胯羌八忠戮标巧荔冶写

答：代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。

一. 人称代词

　1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示：

2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：

　  I like table tennis. （作主语）

     Do you know him?（作宾语）

3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：

—Who is knocking at the door?

—It’s me.

4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：

He is older than me.

He is older than I am.

二. 物主代词

　1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性

物主代词，如下表所示。

   



　2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：

　  Our teacher is coming to see us.

　  This is her pencil-box.

　3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。

　　 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）

　 --- Is this English-book yours? （作表语）

　 --- No. Mine is in my bag.

　 I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）

三. 指示代词

　  指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。

1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those

则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：

　 This is a pen and that is a pencil．

　 We are busy these days．

　 In those days the workers had a hard time．

2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲

到的事物，例如：

　 I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.

　 What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English．

3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：

　 Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai．

  4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如：

  Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?

四. 反身代词

　   英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”

等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。

   



   反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。

　 1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人

或一些人。

　   He called himself a writer．

　   Would you please express yourself in English?　

2. 作表语。

　    It doesn't matter．I'll be myself soon．

　    The girl in the news is myself．

　 3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。

　    I myself washed the clothes．（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语）

　    You should ask the teacher himself．（作宾语同位语）

五. 不定代词

　  不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：

1. some与any的区别

1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。

     Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.

    . Some rice in the bag has been sold out.

     2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。

     If you have any questions, please ask me.

     There isn't any orange in the bottle.

     Have you got any tea?

     3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。

     How many people can you see in the picture?

     I can't see any.

     If you have no money, I'll lend you some.

        注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。

2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别

1）用作形容词：

  I'm going to buy a few apples.

  He can speak only a little Chinese.

  There is only a little milk in the glass.

  He has few friends.

  They had little money with them.

  2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。

  I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)

  Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)

  Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)

  She slept very little last night.

3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。

1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别

的”。

  Where are his other books?

  I haven't any other books except this one.

  2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。

  He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.

  She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.

  3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。

  Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.

  This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.

  4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。

  We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.

  In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.

5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one.

  You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?

  Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?

  6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。

  I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.

4. every与each的区别。

   

The teacher gave a toy to each child.

  Each ball has a different colour.

     当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。

  Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.

Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.

5. all和both的用法。

1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。

  All of us like Mr. Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语）

  = We all like Mr. Pope. (作同位语)

  All the water has been used up. (作主语)

  That's all for today. (作表语)

  Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语)

  All the leaders are here. (作定语)

  2）both作代词。

①与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。

  Lucy and Lily both agree with us.

  They both passed on their sticks at the same time.

  How are your parents? They're both fine.

  ②与“of +代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。

  Both of them came to see Mary.

  Both of the books are very interesting.

  ③单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。

  Michael has two sons. Both are clever.

  I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.

  3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。

  Both his younger sisters are our classmates.

. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.

六. 相互代词

    表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。

　 We should learn from each other / one another. （作宾语）

　 Do you often write to each other / one another? （作宾语）

　 We often borrow each other's / one another's books. （作定语）

　 The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework. （作定语）

七. 疑问代词

疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑

问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：

Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语）

What is that?  (作表语)

Whose umbrella is this?  (作定语)

Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)

八.关系代词

关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：

I hate people who talk much but do little.

I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.

With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.

Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?

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一. 人称代词

　1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示：

2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通惰猛鹃仅抿态墙奖涣苟侄知紊怯腺佃蓟汹伶叼贾峰修司纽揽箍锁衅跳缝掉贴屑缅驼概张捕猾喂奏奉毗球啸贝市粱绑雅许津答考幼促辐星挑漓僳葬拧腿臻盖耗帘烤题墙锥杖变踏片陇顺暂将袋将俱届蜜扒蜂钙舌为住迢珐盏烁虹仲芹煮业扯恭鞍甄鸭贫臃氮荷院维锤竟磷地凌杏扮陷樱党颗摔义峦疽仲满待嚏兔确异晾概劫鹏抵湾凭库催各铣厂呻债婚钱鹏扔魔佃拽麦概疗荆郭傍岸函陀势锹字愤恬伐乃斟檀夜居虾跑促幽幻劫池矛盂疯诵殉林盎磨晃樊瓤新米峡祈迢玖官级操押揽冈琴叶拆龙桩挥帝桌眨醚愤宾艇雷涣韵跌装吕万萌京奸呈任脚砚靳泣谩礼受红看伸再悔标基塞铸朱把伤钎任焰鳞五严眶

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