现在完成进行时表示：①动作从某一时间开始一直持续到现在。②或者刚刚终止。③又或者仍然继续下去
基本结构：主语 + have/ has + been + doing
肯定句：主语 + have/ has + been + doing
否定句：主语 + haven’t/ hasn’t + been + doing
疑问句： Have / has +主语 + been + doing
用法：1）表示一个从过去开始到现在，并且仍将持续下去的行为
I have been learning English since I was young. 我从小时候就学英语。 （会继续学下去）
We have been waiting for him for half an hour. 我们已等他半小时了。（还会继续等下去）
2）表示一个到目前为止一直在进行的动作，强调动作的未完成性。
It has been raining for three days. 雨下了三天了。（到现在还没停）
3）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。
They have been living there for ten years. = They have been there for ten years.
He has been working in Zhongshan since 1998. = He has worked in Zhongshan since 1998.
4）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
①I have been writing a book. 我一直在写一本书。（未写完，还将一直写下去）
I have written a book. 我（已经）写了一本书。（到目前为止，动作已完成）
② They have been building a bridge. 他们一直在建一座桥。（没建好，还将建下去）
They have built a bridge. 他们建了一座桥。（已经建好了）
5）一些现在完成进行时的句子也与现在完成时的句子含义相同
延续性动词用于现在完成进行时和现在完成时，表达的意思相同
Jenny has been sleeping for 8 hours and still cannot wake up.
Jenny has slept for 8 hours and still cannot wake up.
6）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。比如like、love、hate、know等
I have known him for a few years. 我认识他几年了。
不能说：I have been knowing him ...
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