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romantic movement

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RomanticMovement
Romanticmovement(alsotheRomanticeraortheRomanticperiodwasanartistic,literary,andintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinEuropetowardtheendofthe18thcenturyandinmostareaswasatitspeakintheapproximateperiodfrom1800to1850.PartlyareactiontotheIndustrialRevolution,[1]itwasalsoarevoltagainstthearistocraticsocialandpoliticalnormsoftheAgeofEnlightenmentandareactionagainstthescientificrationalizationofnature.[2]Itwasembodiedmoststronglyinthevisualarts,music,andliterature,buthadamajorimpactonhistoriography,educationandthenaturalsciences.[5]Itseffectonpoliticswasconsiderableandcomplex;whileformuchofthepeakRomanticperioditwasassociatedwithliberalismandradicalism,itslong-termeffectonthegrowthofnationalismwasprobablymoresignificant.
Themovementvalidatedintenseemotionasanauthenticsourceofaestheticexperience,placingnewemphasisonsuchemotionsasapprehension,horrorandterror,
andawe—especiallythatwhichisexperiencedinconfrontingthesublimityofuntamednatureanditspicturesquequalities:bothnewaestheticcategories.Itelevatedfolkartandancientcustomtoanoblestatus,madespontaneityadesirablecharacteristic(asinthemusicalimpromptu,andarguedforanaturalepistemologyofhumanactivities,asconditionedbynatureintheformoflanguageandcustomaryusage.RomanticismreachedbeyondtherationalandClassicistidealmodelstoraisea
revivedmedievalismandelementsofartandnarrativeperceivedtobeauthenticallymedievalinanattempttoescapetheconfinesofpopulationgrowth,urbansprawl,andindustrialism.Romanticismembracedtheexotic,theunfamiliar,andthedistantinmodesmoreauthenticthanRococochinoiserie,harnessingthepoweroftheimaginationtoenvisionandtoescape.
AlthoughthemovementwasrootedintheGermanSturmundDrangmovement,whichprizedintuitionandemotionovertherationalismoftheEnlightenment,theeventsofandideologiesthatledtotheFrenchRevolutionplantedtheseedsfromwhichbothRomanticismandtheCounter-Enlightenmentsprouted.TheconfinesoftheIndustrialRevolutionalsohadtheirinfluenceonRomanticism,whichwasinpartanescapefrommodernrealities.Indeed,inthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,"Realism"wasofferedasapolarizedoppositetoRomanticism.[6]Romanticismassignedahighvaluetotheachievementsof'heroic'individualistsandartists,whosepioneeringexamples,itmaintained,wouldraisethequalityofsociety.Italsovouchedfortheindividual
imaginationasacriticalauthorityallowedoffreedomfromclassicalnotionsofforminart.Therewasastrongrecoursetohistoricalandnaturalinevitability,aZeitgeist,intherepresentationofitsideas.

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