特殊句式
热点考向一 强调句
1. 强调句的基本句型
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子剩余成分
(1)强调人时可用who/that来连接，强调事物时用that。
所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。
It is I who/that am right.(强调主语) 我才是对的。
It was him that/who/whom we met at the school gate.(强调宾语)
我们在学校门口遇到的是他。
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go to work.(强调状语)
她之所以没来上班，是因为她母亲病了。
2.强调句的特殊句式
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out? 第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？
When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？
What is it that you want me to do? 你要我做什么？
I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是著名影星。
He didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night. 他昨晚直到十一点才睡觉。
→It was not until 11 o'clock last night that he went to bed.
3.用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。
Do be careful while crossing the street. 过马路时一定要当心。
He did come to see you last Sunday，but you were out. 他上周日的确来看过你，但是你出去了。
判断一个句子是强调句型还是其他句型，最简单的方法就是“还原法”，即去掉强调句型的特有结构It is/was...that/who...，若去掉这个结构后句子仍然成立，那该句型便是强调句型，否则，就可能是其他句型。
(1)It was he who did all the cleaning.
(2)It is a pity that he has failed again.
热点考向二 倒装
1. 完全倒装
(1)There be＋主语＋...，此结构中的be有时用stand/exist/lie/live/flow/seem等不及物动词代替
There seems to be something wrong with the machine. 好像机器出了点问题。
(2)Here/There/Now/Then/Thus＋不及物动词＋名词
There goes the bell.Let's go into the lecture hall. 铃响了，我们进入演讲大厅吧。
Be quick！Here comes the bus. 快点，公共汽车来了。
(3)Out/In/Up/Down/Away/Off/Back/Over＋不及物动词＋名词
Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲出了教室。
Away flew the birds. 鸟儿飞走了。
(4)介词短语(表地点)＋不及物动词＋主语
On the wall hang two large portraits. 墙上挂着两张巨幅画像。
(5)表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)
Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.
出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授还有许多其他客人。
(6)Such＋be＋主语
Such are the facts；no one can deny them. 这些就是事实，没有人可以否认。
2. 部分倒装
(1)用于以so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容，须部分倒装，且此句的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致，但“so＋主语＋do”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定，它的主语与上文的主语相同，so相当于indeed，certainly。
Mary has learned by heart 200 words，and so have I. 玛丽已经记住了200个单词，我也是。
－The girls study hard. 这些女孩学习刻苦。
－So they do. 她们的确如此。
(2)表示否定意义的副词、连词或短语置于句首时要部分倒装。这些词有not，never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，little，no，nowhere，not only，not until，at no time，by no means，in no way，no sooner...than，hardly...when等。
By no means shall we give up. 我们决不会放弃。
At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon. 在任何情况下中国决不会第一个使用核武器。
(3)only置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时要用部分倒装。
Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 只有在我朋友来之后，电脑才修好。
(4)as引导的让步状语从句中(表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语)要用部分倒装。
Tired as he was，he stayed up late.
Explain as I might，I could not make myself understood.
Child as he is，he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，可他知道很多。(注意开头的名词前无冠词)
Much as he likes the bike, he doesn't want to buy it.
(5)在so...that，such...that句型中，当so，such引导的结构置于句首时要用部分倒装。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
他说话声音那样大，隔壁屋里的人都能听见。
(6)在hardly...when，no sooner...than，not until句型中，主句要部分倒装。
Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow. 他刚一到，天就下起雪来了。
热点考向三 省略句
1. 状语从句的省略
(1)在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又与主句的主语一致或主语是it时，
主谓均可以省略。
①时间状语从句：Please come here as soon as(it is)possible.
②地点状语从句：Fill in the blanks with articles where(it is)necessary.
③条件状语从句：She won't come to the party unless(she is)invited.
④方式状语从句：I wonder why he didn't do as(he was)told to.
⑤比较状语从句：It is much colder today than(it was)yesterday.
⑥让步状语从句：Though(they were)tired，they went on walking.
(2)状语从句省略主语时，其后用现在分词表示该动词与省略的主语是主谓关系，用过去分词则表示为动宾关系。
Be careful when(you are)crossing the street. 过马路的时候一定要小心。
Once(he/she is)burnt，a child dare not touch the fire again. 一个孩子一旦被烧伤，就不敢再碰火了。
2. 答语中的省略
I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so或not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。
－Do you think it will rain? 你认为会下雨吗？
－I hope not(that it will not rain)．我希望不下。
－Do you believe our team will win? 你相信我们队会赢吗？－I guess so.我猜会赢。
3. 不定式中“to”的省略
(1)感官动词(see，feel，hear，notice，watch，observe，listen to等)和使役动词(let，make，have)后接不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to，但在被动式中不能省略(let除外)。
I heard someone sing in the next room. 我听见有人在隔壁唱歌。
The thief was noticed to slip into the room. 有人注意到这个贼溜进了房间。
(2)动词help和介词but，except后的不定式作宾语时，有时必须省略to。
He will help me(to)work out the problem. 他将帮助我解决这个问题。
He did nothing but wait all the time. 他除了一直等毫无办法。
若句中but/except前无do/does/did，则to不能省略。
He has no choice but to wait. 他除了等毫无选择。
(4)固定结构或句型中常省去“to”。
can't(help)but do...；why not do...；prefer to do...rather than do...；
I would prefer to swim rather than play football. 比起踢足球我更喜欢游泳。
4. 虚拟语气中if和should的省略
(1)在条件从句中，将助动词提到句首，省去if。
If we had known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house.
→Had we known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house.
如果我们知道这个工厂的计划，我们就不会买这座房子。
If I were you，I would not do it like that.
→Were I you，I would not do it like that. 如果我是你，我不会那样做。
(2)主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句中省略should。
The workers demanded that their wages(should)be increased. 工人们要求提高工资。
类似的动词还有：suggest，advise，insist，order，prefer，propose，request，require，command，recommend等。
It is desired that we(should)arrive there before dark. 我们被要求天黑前到达。
It is necessary that he(should)know it. 他有必要知道这件事。
My suggestion is that we(should)visit the exhibition at once. 我建议我们马上参观展览。
5. 英语中有一些固定的省略结构
(1)在以if，when，though，as if(好像)等连词引导的状语从句中，如果主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句谓语中含有动词be，或者从句为it is结构时，从句往往使用省略的形式。
If(it is)necessary，we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。
Whenever(it is)possible，he will come to my help. 他一有可能就来帮助我。
While(you are)cycling，don't forget the traffic lights. 骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。
热点考向三 there be结构
1. There be 结构的谓语形式
There be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be，happen to be, be likely to be或remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur等替换。
There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.
Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.
2. There be 的非谓语形式
What is the chance of there being an election this year?(there be的动名词形式作of的宾语)
I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.（there be的不定式结构作expect的复合宾语）
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