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第十三章 动词-ing形式
思维导图
知识梳理
一、动名词的定义
动词-ing形式分为两类:动名词和现在分词.动名词在句中起名词作用,现在分词在句中起形容词或副词作用. 动名词是一种动词的非谓语形式,它兼有动词和名词的特征,由动词原形加词尾-ing而成,其构成法与现在分词一样.动名词有时态和语态的变化.(以do为例
一般式 完成式
二、动词-ing 形式的句法作用
从性质上讲,动词的-ing形式相当于名词、形容词、副词.因此,它在句中可用作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语. (一作主语
动词-ing形式作主语通常表示一种抽象的动作概念,即泛指某种行为或动作. Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对身体健康有害. Is playing basketball after lunch good or bad for your health?吃完午饭就打篮球对身体健康有益还是有害? Travelling abroad can widen one's outlook.出国旅行会扩大人们的视野. 点拨
(1动词-ing形式短语作主语,通常有两种位置:一是放在句首,如上述例句所示;一是用it作形式主语,而将-ing分词短语移到谓语部分之后,以避免句子结构头重脚轻. 主动语态 doing having done 被动语态 being done having been done
Having his brother here will make him happier. It will make him happier having his brother here. 让他的兄弟待在这里将会使他高兴一些. Swimming in this river is dangerous. It is dangerous swimming in this river.在这条河中游泳很危险. (2动词-ing形式作主语还可以用于“There is no+-ing形式”(····是不可能的结构. There is no smoking here.这里不许吸烟. There is no joking about such matters.这件事开不得玩笑. (二作表语
动词-ing形式(短语作表语有时起名词作用,泛指动作,有时起形容词作用,指主语的性质、状态. His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮. The news is exciting.这消息令人兴奋. The food smells inviting.这道菜香味怡人.
My favourite sport is playing table tennis.我最喜欢的运动是乒乓球. The only thing she is interested in is dancing.她唯一感兴趣的就是跳舞. 点拨
不要把作表语的-ing形式与进行时态相混淆.-ing形式作表语表示主语的某种特征,而进行时态则表示正在进行的动作.试比较: Her job is teaching.她的工作是教书.(teaching是表语
She is teaching there now.她正在那儿上课.(is teaching是现在进行时态 (三作定语
动词-ing形式作定语只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,置于被修饰词之前. a working method 工作方法 a dining car 餐车 a swimming pool 游泳池 building materials 建材 (四作宾语
在某些动词:suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can't help, mind(在乎,admit, advise, consider, deny, enjoy, require, postpone, delay, practise, fancy, excuse, pardon, miss(错过 