高中英语必修一课文详解Book - 1-unit - 3

必修一 Unit 3 Travel Journal

I． Vocabulary

II. Reading JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG

PART I THE DREAM AND THE PLAN梦想和计划

My name is Wang Kun.译文：我叫王昆。 Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.译文：自从上中学后，我和姐姐王伟一直梦想进行一次长途自行车旅行。【注释： ever since“从那时起，自那以后”，往往与现在完成时连用。dream about梦见，梦到，梦想，向往。如：1） She dreamed about a handsome young prince coming to rescue her from her misery.她梦见一个年轻英俊的王子走来把她从苦难中救出。 2）He got the first place this time, but he never dreamed about it.这回他得了第一名, 但他做梦也没想到。 3） Many people dream about living on an island in the South Seas.许多人向往在南海的一个岛上生活。dream of 梦见；渴望，梦想。如： 1） I often dreamed of my younger brother soon after I left home.刚离开家时, 我常梦见弟弟。 2）He has dreamed of a trip to Beijing.他曾做梦到北京旅行。3) I never dreamed of such a thing.我从没梦想过这样的事情。 4）I've long dreamed of paying a visit to the Great Wall.我一直渴望游览长城。 特殊结构： I would not / never dream of…我做梦也想不到…; 未想过… realize one’s dream = one’s dream comes true.实现梦想。如： She realized her dream of becoming a good model.她实现了做一名优秀模特的梦想。】 Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.译文：两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地车，然后也劝我买了一辆。【注释： persuade sb. to do sth.(= persuade sb. into doing sth.)说服某人做某事；劝服某人做某事。如： It wasn't easy, but I persuaded him to do the right thing.虽然不容易，但是我还是说服了他去做正确的事。 persuade sb. of sth.= persuade sb. that …使某人相信某事。如： How can I persuade you of my sincerity我如何能够让你相信我的诚意呢 Try to persuade sb. to do sth. = advise sb. to do sth.尽力说服某人做某事。如： He tried to persuaded me to give up smoking, but in vain.他尽力劝服我戒烟，但是没有用。 辨析：persuade强调结果，指“劝说”并使之“听从”； advise着重动作，指“劝说”但不一定说服成功，相当于try to persuade.】 Last year, she visited our cousins, Da Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming. 译文：去年，她看望了在昆明大学里的老表——大卫和于杭。They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River，the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.译文：他们是傣族人，成长于云南西部的澜沧江之畔，该河在中国境内叫作澜沧江，而在其他国家境内则叫作湄公河。【注释：grow up长大，向上生长 eg. 1) Tom wants to be a coach when he grows up.汤姆长大后想当教练。 2) All plants like to grow up toward the sunlight.所有的植物都喜欢朝着阳光向上长。】Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too. 译文：王伟也很快让他们对长途自行车旅行感兴趣了。【注释：get sb. interested in…使某人对…感兴趣。 interest in …对…感兴趣. eg. His two interests in life are music and paintings.他生平两大爱好是音乐和绘画。 believe in信任; eg. I don't believe in ghosts, do you我不相信有鬼, 你呢 success in …的成功 eg. The president had some success in restoring confidence.总统在恢复信心上获得了一些成功。】After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. 译文：大学毕业后，我们终于有机会进行自行车旅行。【注释： graduate from从…毕业; 进步, 进展 eg. 1) He graduated from Taipei University.他毕业于台北大学。 2) He was graduated from a normal college.他是一个师范学院的毕业生。 3) Our son has just graduated from a tricycle to a proper bicycle.我们的儿子刚刚从骑三轮车过渡到骑普通自行车了。 to take a bike trip是动词不定式作定语，修饰限制前面的名词chance.】 I asked my sister, “Where are we going ” 译文：我问姐姐：“我们要去哪里”It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 译文：正是姐姐首先拿定主意，要沿着整个湄公河从源头骑到入河口。【注释： It is/was sb. who/that does sth. 这是个强调句，被强调的是人,可译为“正是某人做某事”； eg. It was Thomson who helped you with your English.正是汤姆逊帮你学英语。句型It is/ was sth. that …..则强调的是事物（包括时间、地点等） eg. It is in spring that all kinds of flowers begin to blossom out beautifully.正是在春天，各种花开始怒放。 强调句考查试题：

1.(2008年高考全国卷Ⅱ) It was in New Zealand ________ Elizabeth first met .

A．that　　B．how C．which D．when

2. —________you found out the accident which happened a month ago —By looking into it.

A．It was where that B．Was it how that C．How was it that D．Was it what that

3. (津2008) It was along the Mississippi River ____ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.

A. how B. which C. that D. where

4. (渝2008) It was not until midnight ____ they reached the camp site.

A. that B. when C. while D. as

*5.(鲁2007) —— Where did you get to kow her —— It was on the farm ___ we worked.

A. that B. there C. which D. where

Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.译文：现在她正在制定旅行计划。

I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.译文：我喜欢姐姐，但她有一个严重的缺点。【注释：be fond of …喜爱；爱好 eg. I'm fond of pop music.我喜欢流行音乐。】 She can be really stubborn.译文：她可能真的很顽固。【注释： stubborn顽固的，固执的 eg. 1) He is a stubborn child.他是个固执的孩子。 2) you're a silly, stubborn old woman.你是个愚蠢、顽固的老婆子。 (as) stubborn as a mule非常顽固的，倔如驴的】 Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.译文：尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线不太清楚，但她却坚持要把这次旅行组织的尽善尽美。【注释：insist + that-clause; insist on 与stick to区别

insist + that-clause 坚决宣称,坚持说（后跟陈述语气，表述的是一种观点）

坚持认为，坚决要求（后跟虚拟语气，表述的是一种行为, 这种结构可转化为

insist on doing sth. eg. She insisted that she (should) leave at once.

She insisted on leaving at once.她坚持立刻就走。）

eg. 1) The chairman insisted that all was not doom and gloom.主席坚持说不是所有的事情都是消极和注定失败的。 2) I insisted that they should wait for our return.我坚决要求他们等我们回来。

insist on后面常跟表示观点view、意见opinion、看法viewpoint、要求demand等主观概念。 eg. He insisted on his demand.他坚持他的要求。 stick to后面常跟表示原则principle、承诺promise、决定decision、计划plan等客观概念。 eg. You must stick to your promise.你必须遵守诺言。

试题：1) The man insisted ____ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.

A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding

2) Seeing that he was so seriously ill, I insisted that he ____ to hospital at once.

A. was sent B. be sent C. will be sent D. had been sent

Now I know that the proper way is always her way.译文：现在我明白了尽善尽美的总是她的方法。 I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we coming back”译文：我不停地问她：“我们何时离开、何时回来”【注释：keep doing sth.不停地做某事。 eg. The machine kept running.机器一直运转。】 I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet. 译文：我问她是否已经看过地图【注释：whether she had looked at a map yet用的是过去完成时。过去完成时表示在过去的某个时间或动作之前已经发生或存在的状态，即必须有一个过去的时间或动作作参照。本句的asked是过去的参照动作，look at a map发生在asked之前，所以宾语从句要用过去完成时形式（即had looked）. 有关过去完成时考查试题：

1. (京2010-28) It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ___ for me.

A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing

2. (湘2010-27) I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ____ it. Was it you

A. has done B. had done C. would do D will do

3. (皖2010-28) —— Were you surprised by the ending of the film

—— No, I ____ the book, so I already knew the story.

A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read

4. (陕2010-15) If we ____ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.

A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken

5. (苏2010-30) —— Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation

—— We _____ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.

A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be

Of course she hadn’t; my sister doesn’t care about details.译文：当然，她没有看过，我姐姐不关心细节。【注释： care about喜欢，担心，在乎；对…感兴趣 eg. 1) I really care about the students in my class.我的确喜欢这个班上的学生。 2) I don't care much about music.我对音乐不很感兴趣。 3) The young people should care about the old.年轻人应该关心老人。 care for照顾，照料; 尊重eg. 1) The mother cared for the sick child day and night.母亲日夜照料着生病的孩子。 2) I do care for what he says.我对他的话的确很尊重。 care to do sth.愿意做某事 eg. I don’t care to go to the party.我不太想去参加聚会。】 So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.译文：所以我告诉她湄公河的源头在青海省。 She gave me a determined look — the kind that said she would not change her mind.译文：她向我投一坚定的目光——那眼神表明她不会改变主意。【注释： determined坚定的，坚决的，决意的; be determined to do sth.决心做某事 eg. As he was not reconciled to his defeat, he was determined to try again in the next contest.他不甘心这次失败,决心在下次比赛中再作努力。 change one’s mind改变主意； make up one’s mind某人下定决心； have no/ a mind to do无/有意做，心里(不)想做； read one’s mind看出某人的心事； speak one’s mind直言不讳； be in/of two minds拿不定主意； give one’s mind to …注意； keep one’s mind on专心于； take sb’s mind off sth.转移某人的注意力； bear/ keep sth. in mind记住某事； bring/ call sth. to mind回忆某事； put sb. in mind of sth.使某人想起某事 eg. 1) Maybe you’ll think it over and change your mind.也许你愿意好好想想，会改变主意。 2) I have no mind to do as you tell me.我无意照你吩咐的去做。】 When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, she seemed to be excited about it. 译文：当我告诉她旅行将会从5,000多米的海拔开始时，她似乎对此感到很激动。【注释：at an altitude of…在…海拔。be excited about对…感到激动】When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.译文：当我告诉她空气稀薄很难呼吸并且很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。【注释：句型sth. is + adj. (for sb.) to do中的to do与主语sth.,在逻辑上是动宾关系，所以不可再在to do后面加it/them作宾语；此句型可以转化为：it is + adj. (for sb.) to do sth.常用于此类结构的形容词有：light, heavy, difficult, easy, comfortable, interesting, bitter, fit等主要用来描述主语或宾语的性质。另外，句型it is + adj. (of sb.) to do sth.中的形容词多为kind, nice, clever, stupid, wise等，主要用来描写人的行为品质，该动词不定式的逻辑主语则有of 引出。Eg. 1) Today’s homework is very hard for me to finish.今天的作业我很难完成。 2) It was wise of you to do that.你那样做很聪明。 考题： （全2008） I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ____. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed】 I know my sister well.译文：我非常了解姐姐。Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.译文：一旦她作出决定，什么也改变不了。【注释： once在此处为从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦…就…”。如：Once you begin, you must continue.一旦开了头, 你就应当继续下去。 mike up one’s mind (to do sth.)下决心… eg. We have made up our minds to keep out of their quarrel.我们已经下定决心不理会他们之间的争吵。】 Finally, I had to give in.译文：最后，我不得不让步。【注释：give in (指政治立场的改变)屈服，让步，投降；give up（指遇到困难或挫折）放弃，认输, 猜不出 eg. 1) As neither management nor labour would give in, the union organized a strike.由于劳资双方互不让步, 工会组织了一次罢工。 2) I can't answer that puzzle; I give up.我猜不出这个谜语, 我认输了。】

Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library.译文：在旅行前的几个月，我和王伟常到图书馆去。 We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.译文：我们找到了一个大地图集，所配的地图显示出地貌详情。【注释：that showed details of world geography是定语从句，修饰限制前面的先行词maps.】 From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain. 译文：根据这份地图集，我们明白了湄公河发源于西藏山脉上的一条冰河。At first the river is small and the water is clear and cold.译文：起初，河流狭小，河水清澈冰凉。【注释：at first起初，开始，首先 eg. At first, he was against our arrangement, but I managed to argue him round.起初, 他反对我们的安排, 但我设法使他改变了看法。】 Then it begins to move quickly.译文：然后，水势加快。 It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Provice.译文：流过峡谷穿越滇西时，水流湍急，【注释：pass through经过，通过；经历，遭受；经历并完成 Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys.译文：有时河流变成瀑布，流入宽阔的河谷。 We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China.译文：当得知该河的一半流经中国时，我俩都感到吃惊。 After it leaves China and high altitude, the Mekong becomes wide, brown and warm.译文：当她从中国和高原流过后，湄公河就变得宽阔，水色棕黄，河水温暖。 As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows.译文：流入东南亚之后，水流就变得舒缓。 It makes wide bends or meanders throgh low valleys to the plains where rice grows.译文：蜿蜒曲折，流过低谷，进入平原，这里阡陌纵横。【注释： bend弯曲处，（公路、河流或小路）转弯，折向；急转弯 eg. 1) The road bent left and then right.这条路先往左拐再往右拐。 2) The river slowly bends around Dittisham.河水缓缓绕过迪蒂斯汉姆。 meander (指溪流、河流等)蜿蜒而流 eg. A stream meandered towards the sea.一条小河蜿蜒地流向大海。 where rice grows是定语从句，修饰限制前面的先行词plains.】 At last, the rive delta enters the South China Sea.译文：该河三角洲流入南中国海。

重点句型：

1．Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.

【精提取】　once在此处为从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”。

【巧应用】　一旦你许下诺言，就得遵守诺言。

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ，you should keep it.

determined person always tries to finish the job，no matter how hard it is.

【精提取】　no matter...是连词词组，作“不管；无论”解，同what，who，when，how等词连用，引导表示让步的状语从句。

【巧应用】　不管发生什么事，不要泄气。

________ ________ ________ ________，please don’t be discouraged.

3．To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us，we were surprised by the view.

【精提取】　To climb the mountains为不定式短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，也可以用形式主语it。

【巧应用】　学习一门外语对你今后的工作是很重要的。

________ ________ ________ ________ ________is important for your future work.

4．We can hardly wait to see them!

【精提取】　can hardly wait to do sth./for sth.或cannot wait to do sth./for sth.是固定句式，意为“迫不及待地要做某事，急切地做某事”。

【巧应用】　经过这次漫长而又疲惫的旅行，玛丽迫不及待地想回到家。

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ after such a long and tiring journey.

5．When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold，she said it would be an interesting experience.

【精提取】　the air would be hard to breathe是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，其中the air是breathe的逻辑宾语。

【巧应用】　英语难以短时间内学好。

English________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in a short time.

【词义辨析】

persuade，advise

(1)persuade强调说服，劝服的结果。 如果“劝说”不服，不能直接用persuade，而应用try to persuade或advise，或者用persuade的否定式。eg.

Jack tried to persuade Tom to go，but failed at last.杰克试图说服汤姆去，但最终失败了。

(2)advise do sth.“建议或劝说某人去做某事”，强调提出建议但对方不一定接受。

He advised me to go with him，but I wouldn’t.他建议我跟他一块去，但我不愿意。

【考题检测】

1. We trust you；only you can________him to give up smoking.

A．suggest　　B．attract C．advise D．persuade

2. —Have you________him to give up the job —Yes，I he doesn’t listen to me.

A．persuaded B．suggested C．agreed D．Advised

Unit3 Travel Journal

fare 单程票         fare 往返票

of/ about doing sth  梦想做某事   from 从…毕业

sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事

sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事

sb interested in 使某人对… 感兴趣

on (one’s) sth/ doing sth 一定要；坚持要

best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好办法

an altitude of 在…海拔上   to/ toward(s) 对…态度

about 忧虑，关心  care for喜欢，照顾 

one’s mind 改变主意          

up one’s mind to do 决心干某事

to do sth ( 动作)  /  be determined to do sth （心理） 决心干某事

in (to) 投降；屈服；让步    up doing/sth

usual 像往常一样         midnight 午夜  

up one’s tents 搭起帐篷

be familiar to sb某事为某人所熟悉 

be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事

’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事

one thing… for another （用来引出某事的理由）一则… 二则…

1. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.

强调句基本句型：it is/ was…. that….其中指人时可用who(主)，whom(宾)。

2. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that we (should) find the source of the river.

insist that….(should)+ v原形   坚持要；坚持要求

insist that….陈述语气         坚持说；坚持认为 

英语笑话

Boy

Little Robert asked his mother for two cents. "What did you do with the money I gave you yesterday"

"I gave it to a poor old woman," he answered.

"You're a good boy," said the mother proudly. "Here are two cents more. But why are you so interested in the old woman"

"She is the one who sells the candy."

little boy did not like the look of the barking dog.

"It's all right," said a gentleman, "don't be afraid. Don't you know the proverb: Barking dogs don't bite"

"Ah, yes," answered the little boy. "I know the proverb, but does the dog know the proverb, too"

一个小男孩非常不喜欢狗狂叫的样子。

“没有关系，”一位先生说，“不用害怕，你知道这条谚语吗：‘吠狗不咬人。’”

“啊，我是知道，可是狗也知道吗”

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